Monday, December 19, 2011

Air/Water Pollution

Car Free Day in Kelapa Gading Reduce Air Polution

2
BERITAJAKARTA.COM — 27/11/2011 14:30:20

Thousands of people packed on Jl Boulevard Raya, Kelapa Gading, North Jakarta, Sunday (11/27), to attend various events in Car Free Day (HBKB) by North Jakarta Administration City Government at the road lanes. The event is conducted in restoring air quality. Because, when about 6 hours of the event, air pollution declined up to 60 percent at the area.



Yusiono as Head of North Jakarta Living Environment Office stated that car free day in Kelapa Gading has declined air poluion significantly up to 60 percent than usual. This declining happens for 6 hours from 6 AM to 12 AM.



He explained that a week before and after HBKB, his sides are controlling air quality to make sure changes of air quality in North Jakarta by detecting using air gauges which is now installed in Gading Permai Apartment. “The air gauges will keep controlling until December 5, 2011 by measuring particulate meter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO), total hidro carbon (THC), ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S)," he expressed.



He added that Kelapa Gading is chosen for HBKB because his area has adequate road expansion and has alternative roads, congested traffic and many vehicles.



His sides closed some road lanes in Boulevard Raya, Kelapagading. Those closed roads are Jalan Boulevard Raya Gading Raya, Jalan Yos Sudarso, Boulevard Raya Roundabout and Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan.



“This event presented various events such as fun bike, fusal, healthy heart aerobic, bike parade, healthy jogging, marching band, cheerleader and barongsai, handover 1,000 trees from stakeholder to Kelapagading residents,” he added.



He urged residents to reduce private vehicle usage to public transport or by bicycle and also by foot, so air quality especially in North Jakarta is getting better. “Hopefully, this HBKB will make air pollution better and also reduce air pollution,” he added.



Bambang Sugiyono as North Jakarta Mayor stated this HBKB is the second time in Kelapagading. “Previously, this event could reduce air pollution than usual,” he expressed.



Meanwhile, Joshua (29) resident of Kelapagading admitted happy with HBKB in the area. Because he can breathe fresh air with good quality. “I support this event and I hope this event could be held monthly,” he continued.

http://www.beritajakarta.com/2008/en/newsview.aspx?idwil=0&id=21289

In this article it talks about how in this place they had a car free day. In their car free day they all rode a bike where they were going. In the 6 hrs they went the air pollution declined 60 percent. There wouldn't be this big of a change in most places but every bit helps.





VIDEO



http://youtu.be/UpwCMrVlpz0

This Video is about how air and water pollution effects us and our weather. This also shows us ways to help not pollute the air and water. This shows how we poison our environment. I liked this video because it is trying to make our world better.

Factors that effect climate change

COOLER WEATHER MAY FINALLY ARRIVE WITH THE NEW YEAR
By John Nelander | Monday, December 19, 2011, 09:25 AM

Computer models are hinting that some chilly weather may be on the way for the start of 2012. The word cool, not cold, should be emphasized although it’s tough to be specific this far out.

Two weeks from Monday will be Jan. 2. AccuWeather’s long-range outlook shows high temperatures in the 60s, a far cry from the 80s that are predicted for the coming pre-Christmas week.

This forecast is backed up, more or less, by the new 14-day outlook, displayed above, issued by the National Weather Service’s Climate Prediction Center on Sunday. It shows the northern tier of states basking in significantly above normal temperatures while just two areas — Southwest Texas/ Southern New Mexico and Florida — deal with below normal conditions.

That would be quite a switch for the Palm Beach area, which has been running up to 4 degrees above average for the month of December.

“By mid- to late-week, forecast highs will be some 5 degrees above average with lows 5-10 degrees above average,” NWS-Miami meteorologists said in their forecast discussion Monday.

“So our warm December continues — quite the difference from last December. Take West Palm Beach for example. The average low so far for this December is 68.3 degrees. Last December the average low was 47.5.

“That’s a 20.8 degree difference!”

The forecasters note “some prospects” for cooler air in the long-range outlook but add that they have “low confidence” in it.

December has been warm throughout much of the country. Here is the snow cover map as of Sunday from the NWS National Ice Center:



Now compare that to Dec. 18, 2010:



If you’re into snow sports the message is clear: Go west, young skier!

* * * * *
The butterfly effect is a fun concept for novelists and screenwriters to work into their plots, but it has no basis in scientific fact, a noted mathematician says in an interview with LiveScience.

The idea, based on chaos theory, is that a butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil can lead to the formation of a tornado in Texas. It’s sometimes used as an example of why weather will never be completely predictable.

It’s true that storms may never be totally predictable. But the air movement caused by the fluttering of a butterfly is too insignificant and is quickly overwhelmed by other environmental factors.

“If a butterfly flaps its wings the effect really just gets damped out,” David Orrell told LiveScience’s companion website, Life’s Little Mysteries. “The changes that make a difference are far bigger than a butterfly flapping its wings.”

However, other seemingly minor elements in the Earth’s atmospheric stew, like an individual cloud, co


http://www.palmbeachdailynews.com/blogs/content/shared-blogs/palmbeach/weather1/entries/2011/12/19/cooler_weather_may_may_finally.html



This is about how they think it might cool off in the next few weeks. This also talks about something called the butterfly effect. It cooling off in the next few weeks is so big because we have had an unusually high tempter winter so far.


VIDEO


http://youtu.be/QuGLSDyvTNc

This video could have gone in this category or global warming but i thought it fit into this one just a little bit better. It is about the green house effect. This is when the sun comes into the atmosphere and the rays get bounced off the earth. Some of them escape and some of them remain trapped. If this is balanced it is good but when to much gets trapped its bad.

Global Warming

Scientists focus on methane, permafrost in fight against global warming
The State Column | Staff | Monday, December 19, 2011

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A study released earlier this month finds that melting permafrost is likely to increase the effects of global warming, prompting scientists to travel north in an effort to determine what effect increasing permafrost melt will have on the environment.

With amounts of greenhouse gases trapped below thawing permafrost will likely seep into the air over the next several decades, accelerating and amplifying global warming, the New York times reports that scientists are now flocking to the Arctic in an effort to understand what, exactly, the impact of increased rates of melting permafrost will have.

“Now, as people burn immense amounts of carbon in the form of fossil fuels, the planet’s temperature is rising, and the Arctic is warming twice as fast. That, scientists say, puts the remaining permafrost deposits at risk,” the Times noted in a piece published Sunday.

Arctic warming of 13.5 degrees Fahrenheit this century may unlock the equivalent of 380 billion tons of carbon dioxide as soils thaw, allowing carbon to escape as CO2 and methane, University of Florida and University of Alaska write in the latest issue of Nature.

Meanwhile, scientists now estimate the frozen north contains twice as much carbon as the entire atmosphere. With temperatures rising in the region, researchers are trying to determine how much of the trapped carbon is being released and what the impact will be on global warming. The research team’s observations showed that the permafrost is perforated and leaking large amounts of methane into the atmosphere. More than 80 percent of the deep water and more than half of surface water had methane levels around eight times higher than found in normal seawater, according to the study published in the journal Science. The researchers warned that the release of even a fraction of the methane stored in the shelf could trigger abrupt climate warming.

Scientists predict that upwards of 45 billion metric tons of carbon from methane and carbon dioxide will seep into the atmosphere when permafrost thaws during coming summers over the course of thirty years. The prediction is equal to the amount of heat-trapping gas the world spews during five years of burning coal, gas and other fossil fuels, adding to concerns that attempts to curtail carbon-spewing motors and power plants may not be enough halt the progression of global warming.

By 2100 the amount of carbon released by permafrost loss could be “1.7-5.2 times larger than those reported,” depending on how swiftly Earth’s surface warms, they said.

The release of various heat-trapping gases under the frozen Arctic ground may be a bigger factor in global warming than the cutting down of forests, resulting in a viscous cycle that could see the effects of global warming exacerbated in the coming decades.

The frozen soils of the northern hemisphere are thought to hold around 1,700 billion tonnes of organic carbon – around four times more than all the carbon ever emitted by modern human activity and twice as much as is currently in the atmosphere.



Read more: http://www.thestatecolumn.com/science/scientists-focus-on-methane-permafrost-in-fight-against-global-warming/#ixzz1h3AdBZxa

Global warming can be a touchy subject. Some people believe it is true and others dont. This shows another theory on how it is happening. Their theory is that when the permafrost thaws at the poles it releases gases. Theses gases heat the world to make a long story short.





VIDEO

http://www.youtube.com/user/chipotle?v=aMfSGt6rHos&feature=pyv&ad=9074646906&kw=causes%20of%20global%20warming


This video is about humans effecting the environment. Humans are said to be the cause of global warming if you believe in global warming. I thought this was a cool video because of how it went through the progression of how people came along through time.

Earth Composition

A new kind of metal in the deep Earth

Washington, D.C. -- The crushing pressures and intense temperatures in Earth's deep interior squeeze atoms and electrons so closely together that they interact very differently. With depth materials change. New experiments and supercomputer computations discovered that iron oxide undergoes a new kind of transition under deep Earth conditions. Iron oxide, FeO, is a component of the second most abundant mineral at Earth's lower mantle, ferropericlase. The finding, published in an upcoming issue of Physical Review Letters, could alter our understanding of deep Earth dynamics and the behavior of the protective magnetic field, which shields our planet from harmful cosmic rays.

Ferropericlase contains both magnesium and iron oxide. To imitate the extreme conditions in the lab, the team including coauthor Ronald Cohen of Carnegie's Geophysical Laboratory, studied the electrical conductivity of iron oxide to pressures and temperatures up to 1.4 million times atmospheric pressure and 4000°F—on par with conditions at the core-mantle boundary. They also used a new computational method that uses only fundamental physics to model the complex many-body interactions among electrons. The theory and experiments both predict a new kind of metallization in FeO.

Compounds typically undergo structural, chemical, electronic, and other changes under these extremes. Contrary to previous thought, the iron oxide went from an insulating (non-electrical conducting) state to become a highly conducting metal at 690,000 atmospheres and 3000°F, but without a change to its structure. Previous studies had assumed that metallization in FeO was associated with a change in its crystal structure. This result means that iron oxide can be both an insulator and a metal depending on temperature and pressure conditions.

"At high temperatures, the atoms in iron oxide crystals are arranged with the same structure as common table salt, NaCl," explained Cohen. "Just like table salt, FeO at ambient conditions is a good insulator—it does not conduct electricity. Older measurements showed metallization in FeO at high pressures and temperatures, but it was thought that a new crystal structure formed. Our new results show, instead, that FeO metallizes without any change in structure and that combined temperature and pressure are required. Furthermore, our theory shows that the way the electrons behave to make it metallic is different from other materials that become metallic."

"The results imply that iron oxide is conducting in the whole range of its stability in Earth's lower mantle." Cohen continues, "The metallic phase will enhance the electromagnetic interaction between the liquid core and lower mantle. This has implications for Earth's magnetic field, which is generated in the outer core. It will change the way the magnetic field is propagated to Earth's surface, because it provides magnetomechanical coupling between the Earth's mantle and core."

"The fact that one mineral has properties that differ so completely—depending on its composition and where it is within the Earth—is a major discovery," concluded Geophysical Laboratory director Russell Hemley.

###
The Carnegie Institution for Science (carnegiescience.edu) is a private, nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with six research departments throughout the U.S. Since its founding in 1902, the Carnegie Institution has been a pioneering force in basic scientific research. Carnegie scientists are leaders in plant biology, developmental biology, astronomy, materials science, global ecology, and Earth and planetary science.



http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-12/ci-ank121911.php


In this article it explains how they think they may have made a new discovery. They think there might be a different kind of metal inside the earth. They also think because of this it completely changes the magnetic field and how it keeps out radition and all kinds of other stuff. Now all this stuff is kind of a myth since its all basicly etimated with math.

VIDEO


http://youtu.be/_zPNcShxA3o


In this video it is about the top of the crust and the bottom layer of the atmosphere. In this it shows many of the things on the earths crust. These things are magnificent to look and and many make you wonder how they got there and how they were formed. I thought this was a cool video to watch.

Natural Disasters

Auto dealer donates nearly $100,000 to help rebuild Joplin after tornado
Reliable Toyota Lexus BMS Audio and Scion also donated funds for other nonprofit groups in the Ozarks.

edited news release
3:01 p.m. CST, December 19, 2011

SPRINGFIELD, Mo. -- After the tornado in Joplin on May 22, employees of the Reliable auto dealership on East Sunshine Street raised funds to help the rebuilding efforts. They said Monday that their efforts raised $100,000 for

The dealership set aside $100 for every vehicle sold at the dealership between Memorial Day and Labor Day. Customers were able to designate a local charity to receive the $100 from their purchase. Those funds totaled nearly $50,000.

Reliable employees designated other donations to several nonprofit groups. The largest donation is to the Joplin Public School Tornado Fund for $45,100.


Topics
Natural Disasters
Tornadoes
Charity
See more topics »
Checks have already been going out and started with $1,200 worth of bottled water just days after the tornado stuck. The Joplin Public School Fund already received $10,000 and will get the balance this month.

In addition to the $100,000 raised during this effort, Reliable Superstore donated an additional $20,000 to the Breast Cancer Foundation of the Ozarks, a local charity founded by Mary Beth O'Reilly to support woman and families impacted by breast cancer.

Toyota Motor Sales USA donated $20,000 of the $100,000.

Here are the contributions from the Reliable dealership's fundraising.

$1,278 Bottled water sent to Joplin
$2,800 American Red Cross
$5,000 Boys & Girls Clubs
$20,000 Breast Cancer Foundation of the Ozarks
$5,000 Care To Learn
$100 Christ Community United Methodist Church, Joplin
$1,500 Community Foundation of the Ozarks Joplin Tornado First Response Fund
$2,500 Convoy of Hope
$2,500 Crosslines Food Pantry
$3,200 Family of Police Officer Jefferson Taylor
$700 First Assembly of God, Joplin
$100 Free Will Baptist Church, Joplin
$1,200 Humane Society of Joplin
$2,500 SW Missouri Humane Society
$3,521 Joplin Parks Department
$45,100 Joplin Public Schools Tornado Fund
$100 Missouri Conference of United Methodist Church Joplin Disaster Relief Fund
$2,500 Missouri Hotel
$2,500 Ozark Trails Council Boy Scouts
$2,600 Ozarks Food Harvest
$100 Peace Lutheran Church, Joplin
$5,000 Pershing School
$2,600 Salvation Army
$100 Samaritan's Purse
$100 Speed The Light
$200 Spring River Baptist Association Tornado Discretionary Fund
$1,100 St Mary's Catholic Church, Joplin
$3,200 St Mary's Catholic Elementary, Joplin
$200 St. Paul United Methodist, Joplin
$100 Stockton Humane Society
$2,500 The Kitchen
$100 Wildwood Southern Baptist Church, Joplin
Total: $120,000


http://www.ky3.com/news/ky3-reliable-auto-group-donations-20111219,0,7291916,full.story

This story is about a very nice hometown car dealership helping in the community. The joplin tornado took place this summer. This tornado was arguably one of the worst ever. This is because it went right through the middle of a major city. Before this happened it was a widely thought that a tornado wouldnt go right through a city.


VIDEO

http://youtu.be/xCI1u05KD_s

This video is taken by some storm chasers. I have to give these guys credit for how extremely close they get to this beast. This tornado in the video is a typical funnel tornado. I think this video also does a good job of showing the destructive powers of tornados to.